Historical Roots of Psychopathology View all 10 Articles. Numerous controversies and debates have taken place throughout the history of psychopathology and its main classification systems with regards to sexual orientation and gender identity. These are still reflected on present reformulations of gender dysphoria in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and the International Classification of Diseases, and in more or less subtle micro-aggressions experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans patients in mental health care. The present paper critically reviews this history and current controversies. It reveals that this deeply complex field contributes i to the reflection on the very concept of mental illness; ii to the focus on subjective distress and person-centered experience of psychopathology; and iii to the recognition of stigma and discrimination as significant intervening variables. Numerous controversies and debates have taken place throughout the history of psychopathology and mental health care with regards to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender LGBT people. The present paper aims to review relevant concepts in this literature, its historical and current controversies, and their relation to the main psychopathology classification systems.

It has been theorized that there are 2 subgroups within the male-to-female MtF transgender population: individuals who are predominantly androphilic and those who are predominantly gynephylic or interested in both male and female partners. To explore the role of a dichotomous distribution of age at dysphoria onset in individuals diagnosed with MtF gender dysphoria. Their age distribution was plotted as a histogram and the population was then divided at the median self-reported age of onset of gender dysphoria—that is, those 17 years and younger and those 18 years and older.

She writes on the philosophy of fiction, and on issues in feminist philosophy. Her current research project focuses on conflicts of interests between trans women and natal women, and how to resolve them. What are concepts for?